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  <div class="section" id="module-httplib2">
<span id="httplib2-a-comprehensive-http-client-library"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-httplib2" title="httplib2"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">httplib2</span></tt></a>  A comprehensive HTTP client library.<a class="headerlink" href="#module-httplib2" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-httplib2" title="httplib2"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">httplib2</span></tt></a> module is a comprehensive HTTP client library with the
following features:</p>
<dl class="describe">
<dt>
<tt class="descname">HTTP and HTTPS</tt></dt>
<dd><p>HTTPS support is only available if the socket module was compiled with SSL
support.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="describe">
<dt>
<tt class="descname">Keep-Alive</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Supports HTTP 1.1 Keep-Alive, keeping the socket open and performing multiple
requests over the same connection if possible.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="describe">
<dt>
<tt class="descname">Authentication</tt></dt>
<dd><p>The following three types of HTTP Authentication are supported. These can be
used over both HTTP and HTTPS.</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>Digest</li>
<li>Basic</li>
<li>WSSE</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="describe">
<dt>
<tt class="descname">Caching</tt></dt>
<dd><p>The module can optionally operate with a private cache that understands the
Cache-Control: header and uses both the ETag and Last-Modified cache validators.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="describe">
<dt>
<tt class="descname">All Methods</tt></dt>
<dd><p>The module can handle any HTTP request method, not just GET and POST.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="describe">
<dt>
<tt class="descname">Redirects</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Automatically follows 3XX redirects on GETs.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="describe">
<dt>
<tt class="descname">Compression</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Handles both <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">deflate</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gzip</span></tt> types of compression.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="describe">
<dt>
<tt class="descname">Lost update support</tt></dt>
<dd><p>Automatically adds back ETags into PUT requests to resources we have already
cached. This implements Section 3.2 of Detecting the Lost Update Problem Using
Unreserved Checkout</p>
</dd></dl>

<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-httplib2" title="httplib2"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">httplib2</span></tt></a> module defines the following variables:</p>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="httplib2.debuglevel">
<tt class="descclassname">httplib2.</tt><tt class="descname">debuglevel</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.debuglevel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The amount of debugging information to print. The default is 0.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="data">
<dt id="httplib2.RETRIES">
<tt class="descclassname">httplib2.</tt><tt class="descname">RETRIES</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.RETRIES" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A request will be tried &#8216;RETRIES&#8217; times if it fails at the socket/connection level.
The default is 2.</p>
</dd></dl>

<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-httplib2" title="httplib2"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">httplib2</span></tt></a> module may raise the following Exceptions. Note that  there
is an option that turns exceptions into  normal responses with an HTTP status
code indicating an error occured. See
<a class="reference internal" href="#httplib2.Http.force_exception_to_status_code" title="httplib2.Http.force_exception_to_status_code"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">Http.force_exception_to_status_code</span></tt></a></p>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="httplib2.HttpLib2Error">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">httplib2.</tt><tt class="descname">HttpLib2Error</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.HttpLib2Error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The Base Exception for all exceptions raised by httplib2.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="exception">
<dt id="httplib2.RedirectMissingLocation">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">httplib2.</tt><tt class="descname">RedirectMissingLocation</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.RedirectMissingLocation" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A 3xx redirect response code was provided but no Location: header  was provided
to point to the new location.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="exception">
<dt id="httplib2.RedirectLimit">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">httplib2.</tt><tt class="descname">RedirectLimit</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.RedirectLimit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The maximum number of redirections was reached without coming to a final URI.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="exception">
<dt id="httplib2.ServerNotFoundError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">httplib2.</tt><tt class="descname">ServerNotFoundError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.ServerNotFoundError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Unable to resolve the host name given.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="exception">
<dt id="httplib2.RelativeURIError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">httplib2.</tt><tt class="descname">RelativeURIError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.RelativeURIError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A relative, as opposed to an absolute URI, was passed into request().</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="exception">
<dt id="httplib2.FailedToDecompressContent">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">httplib2.</tt><tt class="descname">FailedToDecompressContent</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.FailedToDecompressContent" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The headers claimed that the content of the response was compressed but the
decompression algorithm applied to the content failed.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="exception">
<dt id="httplib2.UnimplementedDigestAuthOptionError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">httplib2.</tt><tt class="descname">UnimplementedDigestAuthOptionError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.UnimplementedDigestAuthOptionError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The server requested a type of Digest authentication that we are unfamiliar
with.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="exception">
<dt id="httplib2.UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">httplib2.</tt><tt class="descname">UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The server requested a type of HMACDigest authentication that we are unfamiliar
with.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="httplib2.Http">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">httplib2.</tt><tt class="descname">Http</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>cache=None</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>timeout=None</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>proxy_info=None</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>ca_certs=None</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>disable_ssl_certificate_validation=False</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Http" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The class that represents a client HTTP interface. The <em>cache</em> parameter is
either the name of a directory to be used as a flat file cache, or it must an
object that  implements the required caching interface. The <em>timeout</em> parameter
is the socket level timeout. The <em>ca_certs</em> parameter is the filename of the
CA certificates to use. If none is given a default set is used. The
<em>disable_ssl_certificate_validation</em> boolean flag determines if ssl certificate validation
is done. The <em>proxy_info</em> parameter is an object of type :class:ProxyInfo.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="httplib2.ProxyInfo">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">httplib2.</tt><tt class="descname">ProxyInfo</tt><big>(</big><em>proxy_type</em>, <em>proxy_host</em>, <em>proxy_port</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>proxy_rdns=None</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>proxy_user=None</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>proxy_pass=None</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.ProxyInfo" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Collect information required to use a proxy.
The parameter proxy_type must be set to one of socks.PROXY_TYPE_XXX
constants. For example:</p>
<p>p = ProxyInfo(proxy_type=socks.PROXY_TYPE_HTTP, proxy_host=&#8217;localhost&#8217;, proxy_port=8000)</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="httplib2.Response">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">httplib2.</tt><tt class="descname">Response</tt><big>(</big><em>info</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Response" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Response is a subclass of <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">dict</span></tt> and instances of this  class are
returned from calls to Http.request. The <em>info</em> parameter is either  an
<tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">rfc822.Message</span></tt> or an <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">httplib.HTTPResponse</span></tt> object.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="httplib2.FileCache">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">httplib2.</tt><tt class="descname">FileCache</tt><big>(</big><em>dir_name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>safe=safename</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.FileCache" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>FileCache implements a Cache as a directory of files. The <em>dir_name</em> parameter
is the name of the directory to use. If the directory does not exist then
FileCache attempts to create the directory. The optional <em>safe</em> parameter is a
funtion which generates the cache filename for each URI. A FileCache object is
constructed and used for caching when you pass a directory name into the
constructor of <a class="reference internal" href="#httplib2.Http" title="httplib2.Http"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Http</span></tt></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<p>Http objects have the following methods:</p>
<div class="section" id="http-objects">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>Http Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#http-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="httplib2.Http.request">
<tt class="descclassname">Http.</tt><tt class="descname">request</tt><big>(</big><em>uri</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>method=&quot;GET&quot;</em>, <em>body=None</em>, <em>headers=None</em>, <em>redirections=DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS</em>, <em>connection_type=None</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Http.request" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Performs a single HTTP request. The <em>uri</em> is the URI of the HTTP resource and
can begin with either <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">http</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">https</span></tt>. The value of <em>uri</em> must be an
absolute URI.</p>
<p>The <em>method</em> is the HTTP method to perform, such as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">GET</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">POST</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DELETE</span></tt>, etc. There is no restriction on the methods allowed.</p>
<p>The <em>body</em> is the entity body to be sent with the request. It is a string
object.</p>
<p>Any extra headers that are to be sent with the request should be provided in the
<em>headers</em> dictionary.</p>
<p>The maximum number of redirect to follow before raising an exception is
<em>redirections</em>. The default is 5.</p>
<p>The <em>connection_type</em> is the type of connection object to use. The supplied
class should implement the interface of httplib.HTTPConnection.</p>
<p>The return value is a tuple of (response, content), the first being and instance
of the <a class="reference internal" href="#httplib2.Response" title="httplib2.Response"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Response</span></tt></a> class, the second being a string that contains the
response entity body.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="httplib2.Http.add_credentials">
<tt class="descclassname">Http.</tt><tt class="descname">add_credentials</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em>, <em>password</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>domain=None</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Http.add_credentials" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Adds a name and password that will be used when a request  requires
authentication. Supplying the optional <em>domain</em> name will restrict these
credentials to only be sent to the specified domain. If <em>domain</em> is not
specified then the given credentials will be used to try to satisfy every HTTP
401 challenge.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="httplib2.Http.add_certificate">
<tt class="descclassname">Http.</tt><tt class="descname">add_certificate</tt><big>(</big><em>key</em>, <em>cert</em>, <em>domain</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Http.add_certificate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Add a <em>key</em> and <em>cert</em> that will be used for an SSL connection to the specified
domain. <em>keyfile</em> is the name of a PEM formatted  file that contains your
private key. <em>certfile</em> is a PEM formatted certificate chain file.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="httplib2.Http.clear_credentials">
<tt class="descclassname">Http.</tt><tt class="descname">clear_credentials</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Http.clear_credentials" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Remove all the names and passwords used for authentication.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="httplib2.Http.follow_redirects">
<tt class="descclassname">Http.</tt><tt class="descname">follow_redirects</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Http.follow_redirects" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>If <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>, which is the default, safe redirects are followed, where safe means
that the client is only doing a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">GET</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HEAD</span></tt> on the URI to which it is
being redirected. If <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt> then no redirects are followed. Note that a False
&#8216;follow_redirects&#8217; takes precedence over a True &#8216;follow_all_redirects&#8217;. Another
way of saying that is for &#8216;follow_all_redirects&#8217; to have any affect,
&#8216;follow_redirects&#8217; must be True.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="httplib2.Http.follow_all_redirects">
<tt class="descclassname">Http.</tt><tt class="descname">follow_all_redirects</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Http.follow_all_redirects" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>If <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>, which is the default, only safe redirects are followed, where safe
means that the client is only doing a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">GET</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HEAD</span></tt> on the URI to which it
is being redirected. If <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt> then all redirects are followed. Note that a
False &#8216;follow_redirects&#8217; takes precedence over a True &#8216;follow_all_redirects&#8217;.
Another way of saying that is for &#8216;follow_all_redirects&#8217; to have any affect,
&#8216;follow_redirects&#8217; must be True.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="httplib2.Http.force_exception_to_status_code">
<tt class="descclassname">Http.</tt><tt class="descname">force_exception_to_status_code</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Http.force_exception_to_status_code" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>If <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt> then no <a class="reference internal" href="#module-httplib2" title="httplib2"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">httplib2</span></tt></a> exceptions will be
thrown. Instead, those error conditions will be turned into <a class="reference internal" href="#httplib2.Response" title="httplib2.Response"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Response</span></tt></a>
objects that will be returned normally.</p>
<p>If <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>, which is the default, then exceptions will be thrown.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="httplib2.Http.optimistic_concurrency_methods">
<tt class="descclassname">Http.</tt><tt class="descname">optimistic_concurrency_methods</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Http.optimistic_concurrency_methods" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>By default a list that only contains &#8220;PUT&#8221;, this attribute
controls which methods will get &#8216;if-match&#8217; headers attached
to them from cached responses with etags. You can append
new items to this list to add new methods that should
get this support, such as &#8220;PATCH&#8221;.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="httplib2.Http.ignore_etag">
<tt class="descclassname">Http.</tt><tt class="descname">ignore_etag</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Http.ignore_etag" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Defaults to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>. If <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>, then any etags present in the cached
response are ignored when processing the current request, i.e. httplib2 does
<strong>not</strong> use &#8216;if-match&#8217; for PUT or &#8216;if-none-match&#8217; when GET or HEAD requests are
made. This is mainly to deal with broken servers which supply an etag, but
change it capriciously.</p>
</dd></dl>

<p>If you wish to supply your own caching implementation then you will need to pass
in an object that supports the  following methods. Note that the <tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">memcache</span></tt>
module supports this interface natively.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="cache-objects">
<span id="id2"></span><h2>Cache Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#cache-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="httplib2.Cache.get">
<tt class="descclassname">Cache.</tt><tt class="descname">get</tt><big>(</big><em>key</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Cache.get" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Takes a string <em>key</em> and returns the value as a string.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="httplib2.Cache.set">
<tt class="descclassname">Cache.</tt><tt class="descname">set</tt><big>(</big><em>key</em>, <em>value</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Cache.set" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Takes a string <em>key</em> and <em>value</em> and stores it in the cache.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="httplib2.Cache.delete">
<tt class="descclassname">Cache.</tt><tt class="descname">delete</tt><big>(</big><em>key</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Cache.delete" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Deletes the cached value stored at <em>key</em>. The value of <em>key</em> is a string.</p>
</dd></dl>

<p>Response objects are derived from <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">dict</span></tt> and map header names (lower case
with the trailing colon removed) to header values. In addition to the dict
methods a Response object also has:</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="response-objects">
<span id="id3"></span><h2>Response Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#response-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="httplib2.Response.fromcache">
<tt class="descclassname">Response.</tt><tt class="descname">fromcache</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Response.fromcache" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>If <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">true</span></tt> the the response was returned from the cache.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="httplib2.Response.version">
<tt class="descclassname">Response.</tt><tt class="descname">version</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Response.version" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The version of HTTP that the server supports. A value of 11 means &#8216;1.1&#8217;.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="httplib2.Response.status">
<tt class="descclassname">Response.</tt><tt class="descname">status</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Response.status" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The numerical HTTP status code returned in the response.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="httplib2.Response.reason">
<tt class="descclassname">Response.</tt><tt class="descname">reason</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Response.reason" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The human readable component of the HTTP response status code.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="httplib2.Response.previous">
<tt class="descclassname">Response.</tt><tt class="descname">previous</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#httplib2.Response.previous" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>If redirects are followed then the <a class="reference internal" href="#httplib2.Response" title="httplib2.Response"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Response</span></tt></a> object returned is just for
the very last HTTP request and <em>previous</em> points to the previous
<a class="reference internal" href="#httplib2.Response" title="httplib2.Response"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Response</span></tt></a> object. In this manner they form a chain going back through
the responses to the very first response. Will be <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> if there are no
previous respones.</p>
</dd></dl>

<p>The Response object also populates the header <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">content-location</span></tt>, that
contains the URI that was ultimately requested. This is useful if redirects were
encountered, you can determine the ultimate URI that the request was sent to.
All Response objects contain this key value, including <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">previous</span></tt> responses so
you can determine the entire chain of redirects. If
<a class="reference internal" href="#httplib2.Http.force_exception_to_status_code" title="httplib2.Http.force_exception_to_status_code"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">Http.force_exception_to_status_code</span></tt></a> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt> and the number of
redirects has exceeded the number of allowed number  of redirects then the
<a class="reference internal" href="#httplib2.Response" title="httplib2.Response"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Response</span></tt></a> object will report the error in the status code, but the
complete chain of previous responses will still be in tact.</p>
<p>To do a simple <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">GET</span></tt> request just supply the absolute URI of the resource:</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="examples">
<span id="httplib2-example"></span><h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">httplib2</span>
<span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">httplib2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">resp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;http://bitworking.org/&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">resp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">status</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">200</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">resp</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&#39;content-type&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">&#39;text/html&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Here is more complex example that does a PUT  of some text to a resource that
requires authentication. The Http instance also uses a file cache in the
directory <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.cache</span></tt>.</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">httplib2</span>
<span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">httplib2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;.cache&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">h</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_credentials</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#39;password&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">resp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;https://example.org/chap/2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s">&quot;PUT&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">body</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;This is text&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="n">headers</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">&#39;content-type&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s">&#39;text/plain&#39;</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Here is an example that connects to a server that  supports the Atom Publishing
Protocol.</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">httplib2</span>
<span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">httplib2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">h</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_credentials</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mypasswd</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">h</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">follow_all_redirects</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">True</span>
<span class="n">headers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">&#39;Content-Type&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&#39;application/atom+xml&#39;</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">body</span>    <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;&quot;&quot;&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; ?&gt;</span>
<span class="s">    &lt;entry xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom&quot;&gt;</span>
<span class="s">      &lt;title&gt;Atom-Powered Robots Run Amok&lt;/title&gt;</span>
<span class="s">      &lt;id&gt;urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6a&lt;/id&gt;</span>
<span class="s">      &lt;updated&gt;2003-12-13T18:30:02Z&lt;/updated&gt;</span>
<span class="s">      &lt;author&gt;&lt;name&gt;John Doe&lt;/name&gt;&lt;/author&gt;</span>
<span class="s">      &lt;content&gt;Some text.&lt;/content&gt;</span>
<span class="s">&lt;/entry&gt;</span>
<span class="s">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">uri</span>     <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;http://www.example.com/collection/&quot;</span>
<span class="n">resp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">uri</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;POST&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">body</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">headers</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Here is an example of providing data to an HTML form processor. In this case we
presume this is a POST form. We need to take our  data and format it as
&#8220;application/x-www-form-urlencoded&#8221; data and use that as a  body for a POST
request.</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">httplib2</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">urllib</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&#39;fred&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#39;address&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&#39;123 shady lane&#39;</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">body</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">urllib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">urlencode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">body</span>
<span class="go">&#39;name=fred&amp;address=123+shady+lane&#39;</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">httplib2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Http</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">resp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;http://example.com&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;POST&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">body</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>


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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">httplib2</span></tt>  A comprehensive HTTP client library.</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#http-objects">Http Objects</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cache-objects">Cache Objects</a></li>
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